diff --git a/backend/services/vocabService.js b/backend/services/vocabService.js
index ac60a78..0bdbec2 100644
--- a/backend/services/vocabService.js
+++ b/backend/services/vocabService.js
@@ -3593,20 +3593,30 @@ export default class VocabService {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Ordnet eine Multiple-Choice-Frage der Zielsprache (zu lernen) oder Muttersprache (Erklärung) zu,
-   * damit Distraktoren aus dem passenden Wortpool gewählt werden können.
+   * Explizite Zuordnung der Antwortsprache (sprachneutral).
+   * questionData.answerLanguage: 'target' | 'native'
+   * oder questionData.answerLanguageId: 1 = target (Lernsprache), 2 = native (Muttersprache)
+   * Ohne diese Felder: 'unknown' (kein Eintrag in den Distraktor-Pools für diese Frage).
+   * @param {object} questionData
    * @returns {'target'|'native'|'unknown'}
    */
-  _classifyMcQuestionSide(question) {
-    const q = String(question || '');
-    if (/Wie sagt man\s/i.test(q) || /Übersetze/i.test(q)) return 'target';
-    if (/Was bedeutet/i.test(q)) return 'native';
+  _resolveMcAnswerSide(questionData) {
+    if (!questionData || typeof questionData !== 'object') return 'unknown';
+    const raw = questionData.answerLanguage;
+    if (typeof raw === 'string') {
+      const s = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
+      if (s === 'target' || s === 'learning' || s === 'l2') return 'target';
+      if (s === 'native' || s === 'l1') return 'native';
+    }
+    const id = questionData.answerLanguageId;
+    if (id === 1 || id === '1') return 'target';
+    if (id === 2 || id === '2') return 'native';
     return 'unknown';
   }
 
   /**
    * Sammelt Vokabeln aus allen Multiple-Choice-Übungen von Lektionen **vor** der angegebenen Lektion
-   * (gleicher Kurs), getrennt nach Ziel- vs. Muttersprache anhand der Frageformulierung.
+   * (gleicher Kurs), getrennt nach Ziel- vs. Muttersprache anhand von answerLanguage / answerLanguageId.
    */
   async getVocabDistractorPool(hashedUserId, courseId, beforeLessonId) {
     if (!beforeLessonId) {
@@ -3659,10 +3669,9 @@ export default class VocabService {
     for (const ex of exercises) {
       const qd =
         typeof ex.questionData === 'string' ? JSON.parse(ex.questionData) : ex.questionData;
-      const question = qd?.question || '';
       const opts = qd?.options;
       if (!Array.isArray(opts)) continue;
-      const side = this._classifyMcQuestionSide(question);
+      const side = this._resolveMcAnswerSide(qd);
       if (side === 'target') {
         opts.forEach((o) => target.add(String(o).trim()));
       } else if (side === 'native') {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/social/VocabLessonView.vue b/frontend/src/views/social/VocabLessonView.vue
index 7ccee39..2a7c781 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/social/VocabLessonView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/social/VocabLessonView.vue
@@ -2166,11 +2166,22 @@ export default {
       }
       return a;
     },
-    /** Muss zu backend/services/vocabService _classifyMcQuestionSide passen */
-    _classifyMcQuestionSide(question) {
-      const q = String(question || '');
-      if (/Wie sagt man\s/i.test(q) || /Übersetze/i.test(q)) return 'target';
-      if (/Was bedeutet/i.test(q)) return 'native';
+    /**
+     * Welche Sprache haben die richtigen MC-Antworten? (Backend: vocabService._resolveMcAnswerSide)
+     * Nur über questionData.answerLanguage ('target'|'native') oder answerLanguageId (1|2).
+     * Ohne diese Felder: 'unknown' — dann kein Distraktor-Randomize (bis Inhalte annotiert sind).
+     */
+    _resolveMcAnswerSide(questionData) {
+      const qd = questionData || {};
+      const raw = qd.answerLanguage;
+      if (typeof raw === 'string') {
+        const s = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
+        if (s === 'target' || s === 'learning' || s === 'l2') return 'target';
+        if (s === 'native' || s === 'l1') return 'native';
+      }
+      const id = qd.answerLanguageId;
+      if (id === 1 || id === '1') return 'target';
+      if (id === 2 || id === '2') return 'native';
       return 'unknown';
     },
     /**
@@ -2181,8 +2192,7 @@ export default {
       const q = this.getQuestionData(exercise);
       const a = this.getAnswerData(exercise);
       if (!q || !a || q.type !== 'multiple_choice' || q.randomizeDistractors === false) return null;
-      const qtext = q.question || '';
-      const side = this._classifyMcQuestionSide(qtext);
+      const side = this._resolveMcAnswerSide(q);
       if (side === 'unknown') return null;
       const options = q.options || [];
       let correctIndices = [];
@@ -2697,12 +2707,30 @@ export default {
 
       const answerField = direction === 'L2R' ? 'reference' : 'learning';
 
+      const allNativeNorm = new Set();
+      const allTargetNorm = new Set();
+      allVocabs.forEach((v) => {
+        if (v.learning) allNativeNorm.add(this.normalizeVocab(v.learning));
+        if (v.reference) allTargetNorm.add(this.normalizeVocab(v.reference));
+      });
+      /** Verhindert gemischte Sprachen in den Optionen (z. B. deutsche Wörter unter Zielsprachen-Distraktoren). */
+      const tokenMatchesAnswerLanguage = (token) => {
+        const n = this.normalizeVocab(token);
+        if (!n) return false;
+        if (direction === 'L2R') {
+          if (allNativeNorm.has(n) && !allTargetNorm.has(n)) return false;
+        } else {
+          if (allTargetNorm.has(n) && !allNativeNorm.has(n)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      };
+
       const allDistractors = [];
       allVocabs.forEach((vocab) => {
         const candidate = vocab[answerField];
         if (!candidate || !candidate.trim()) return;
         const normalized = this.normalizeVocab(candidate);
-        if (!normalizedExcludeSet.has(normalized)) {
+        if (!normalizedExcludeSet.has(normalized) && tokenMatchesAnswerLanguage(candidate)) {
           allDistractors.push(candidate);
         }
       });
@@ -2731,7 +2759,11 @@ export default {
           const candidate = vocab[answerField];
           if (candidate && candidate.trim()) {
             const normalized = this.normalizeVocab(candidate);
-            if (!normalizedExcludeSet.has(normalized) && !options.has(candidate)) {
+            if (
+              !normalizedExcludeSet.has(normalized) &&
+              !options.has(candidate) &&
+              tokenMatchesAnswerLanguage(candidate)
+            ) {
               options.add(candidate);
             }
           }